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diff --git a/backend/auth/apps/permissions/__pycache__/urls.cpython-313.pyc b/backend/auth/apps/permissions/__pycache__/urls.cpython-313.pyc
index 308c4b6..8f9f371 100644
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diff --git a/backend/auth/apps/permissions/urls.py b/backend/auth/apps/permissions/urls.py
index cdb9adb..02455f3 100644
--- a/backend/auth/apps/permissions/urls.py
+++ b/backend/auth/apps/permissions/urls.py
@@ -2,12 +2,14 @@ from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 from sqlalchemy import select
 from fastcrud import FastCRUD
+from typing import Dict, Any
 
 from database import get_db
 from models import Permission, Role
 from schemas import (
     PermissionCreate,
     PermissionResponse,
+    PermissionTreeResponse,
     RolePermissionAssign,
     RolePermissionResponse,
 )
@@ -37,6 +39,7 @@ async def create_permission(
     db_permission = Permission(
         name=permission_data.name,
         code=permission_data.code,
+        parentid=permission_data.parentid,
         description=permission_data.description,
     )
 
@@ -58,6 +61,40 @@ async def get_permissions(
     return permissions
 
 
+@router.get("/tree", response_model=list[PermissionTreeResponse])
+async def get_permission_tree(
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user),
+):
+    """获取权限树形结构（基于 parentid）"""
+    # 获取所有权限
+    result = await db.execute(select(Permission))
+    permissions = result.scalars().all()
+
+    # 转换为字典，便于查找
+    perm_dict = {perm.id: {
+        "id": perm.id,
+        "name": perm.name,
+        "code": perm.code,
+        "parentid": perm.parentid,
+        "description": perm.description,
+        "children": []
+    } for perm in permissions}
+
+    # 构建树形结构
+    tree = []
+    for perm_id, perm_data in perm_dict.items():
+        parentid = perm_data["parentid"]
+        if parentid == 0:
+            # 顶级节点
+            tree.append(perm_data)
+        elif parentid in perm_dict:
+            # 子节点，添加到父节点的 children
+            perm_dict[parentid]["children"].append(perm_data)
+
+    return tree
+
+
 @router.get("/{permission_id}", response_model=PermissionResponse)
 async def get_permission(
     permission_id: int,
diff --git a/backend/auth/booksystem.db b/backend/auth/booksystem.db
deleted file mode 100644
index e67a57a..0000000
Binary files a/backend/auth/booksystem.db and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/backend/auth/init_data.py b/backend/auth/init_data.py
index 6afc64b..ab64344 100644
--- a/backend/auth/init_data.py
+++ b/backend/auth/init_data.py
@@ -1,66 +1,129 @@
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
-from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy import select, text
 from models import Role, User, Permission
 from utils.password import get_password_hash
 
 
+async def ensure_permission_table_structure(db: AsyncSession):
+    """确保 permission 表结构符合最新要求"""
+    print("检查并更新 permission 表结构...")
+    
+    # 检查表是否存在
+    result = await db.execute(
+        text("SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_name = 'permission'")
+    )
+    table_exists = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+    
+    if not table_exists:
+        print("permission 表不存在，将由 SQLAlchemy 创建")
+        return
+    
+    # 检查是否缺少 parentid 字段
+    result = await db.execute(
+        text("SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = 'permission'")
+    )
+    existing_columns = {row[0] for row in result.fetchall()}
+    
+    # 添加 parentid 字段
+    if 'parentid' not in existing_columns:
+        try:
+            await db.execute(text("ALTER TABLE permission ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS parentid INTEGER DEFAULT 0"))
+            print("添加 parentid 字段成功")
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"添加 parentid 字段失败: {e}")
+    
+    # 删除旧字段（如果存在）
+    for old_column in ['module', 'submodule', 'action']:
+        if old_column in existing_columns:
+            try:
+                await db.execute(text(f"ALTER TABLE permission DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS {old_column}"))
+                print(f"删除旧字段 {old_column} 成功")
+            except Exception as e:
+                print(f"删除旧字段 {old_column} 失败: {e}")
+    
+    await db.commit()
+    print("permission 表结构更新完成")
+
+
 async def init_permissions(db: AsyncSession):
-    """初始化权限数据"""
-    # 定义需要初始化的权限
-    required_permissions = [
-        {"name": "用户管理", "code": "user:manage", "description": "用户管理权限"},
-        {"name": "用户查询", "code": "user:read", "description": "用户查询权限"},
-        {"name": "用户创建", "code": "user:create", "description": "用户创建权限"},
-        {"name": "用户更新", "code": "user:update", "description": "用户更新权限"},
-        {"name": "用户删除", "code": "user:delete", "description": "用户删除权限"},
-        {"name": "角色管理", "code": "role:manage", "description": "角色管理权限"},
-        {"name": "角色查询", "code": "role:read", "description": "角色查询权限"},
-        {"name": "角色创建", "code": "role:create", "description": "角色创建权限"},
-        {"name": "角色更新", "code": "role:update", "description": "角色更新权限"},
-        {"name": "角色删除", "code": "role:delete", "description": "角色删除权限"},
-        {"name": "权限管理", "code": "permission:manage", "description": "权限管理权限"},
-        {"name": "权限查询", "code": "permission:read", "description": "权限查询权限"},
-        {"name": "权限创建", "code": "permission:create", "description": "权限创建权限"},
-        {"name": "权限更新", "code": "permission:update", "description": "权限更新权限"},
-        {"name": "权限删除", "code": "permission:delete", "description": "权限删除权限"},
+    """初始化权限数据（树形结构）"""
+    # 定义需要初始化的权限（树形结构）
+    # parentid: 0 = 顶级模块, >0 = 子权限
+    permission_tree = [
+        # 顶级模块
+        {"name": "权限管理", "code": "perm", "parentid": 0, "description": "权限管理模块"},
+        
+        # 二级子模块
+        {"name": "用户管理", "code": "perm:user", "parentid": 1, "description": "用户管理子模块"},
+        {"name": "角色管理", "code": "perm:role", "parentid": 1, "description": "角色管理子模块"},
+        {"name": "权限配置", "code": "perm:config", "parentid": 1, "description": "权限配置子模块"},
+        
+        # 用户管理操作
+        {"name": "查看列表", "code": "perm:user:list", "parentid": 2, "description": "查看用户列表"},
+        {"name": "查看详情", "code": "perm:user:detail", "parentid": 2, "description": "查看用户详情"},
+        {"name": "搜索", "code": "perm:user:search", "parentid": 2, "description": "搜索用户"},
+        {"name": "创建", "code": "perm:user:create", "parentid": 2, "description": "创建新用户"},
+        {"name": "编辑", "code": "perm:user:edit", "parentid": 2, "description": "编辑用户信息"},
+        {"name": "删除", "code": "perm:user:delete", "parentid": 2, "description": "删除用户"},
+        {"name": "导出", "code": "perm:user:export", "parentid": 2, "description": "导出用户数据"},
+        
+        # 角色管理操作
+        {"name": "查看列表", "code": "perm:role:list", "parentid": 3, "description": "查看角色列表"},
+        {"name": "查看详情", "code": "perm:role:detail", "parentid": 3, "description": "查看角色详情"},
+        {"name": "搜索", "code": "perm:role:search", "parentid": 3, "description": "搜索角色"},
+        {"name": "创建", "code": "perm:role:create", "parentid": 3, "description": "创建新角色"},
+        {"name": "编辑", "code": "perm:role:edit", "parentid": 3, "description": "编辑角色信息"},
+        {"name": "删除", "code": "perm:role:delete", "parentid": 3, "description": "删除角色"},
+        {"name": "导出", "code": "perm:role:export", "parentid": 3, "description": "导出角色数据"},
+        {"name": "分配权限", "code": "perm:role:assign", "parentid": 3, "description": "为角色分配权限"},
+        
+        # 权限配置操作
+        {"name": "查看列表", "code": "perm:config:list", "parentid": 4, "description": "查看权限列表"},
+        {"name": "查看详情", "code": "perm:config:detail", "parentid": 4, "description": "查看权限详情"},
+        {"name": "搜索", "code": "perm:config:search", "parentid": 4, "description": "搜索权限"},
+        {"name": "创建", "code": "perm:config:create", "parentid": 4, "description": "创建新权限"},
+        {"name": "编辑", "code": "perm:config:edit", "parentid": 4, "description": "编辑权限信息"},
+        {"name": "删除", "code": "perm:config:delete", "parentid": 4, "description": "删除权限"},
+        {"name": "导出", "code": "perm:config:export", "parentid": 4, "description": "导岀权限数据"},
     ]
 
     # 检查现有权限
     result = await db.execute(select(Permission))
     existing_permissions = result.scalars().all()
-    existing_permission_codes = {perm.code for perm in existing_permissions}
+    existing_permission_codes = {perm.code: perm for perm in existing_permissions}
 
-    # 检查需要创建或更新的权限
-    permissions_to_add = []
-    permissions_to_update = []
+    # 创建或更新权限
+    created_count = 0
+    updated_count = 0
 
-    for perm_data in required_permissions:
+    for perm_data in permission_tree:
         perm_code = perm_data["code"]
         if perm_code not in existing_permission_codes:
             # 权限不存在，需要创建
-            permissions_to_add.append(Permission(**perm_data))
+            db.add(Permission(**perm_data))
+            created_count += 1
         else:
             # 权限存在，检查是否需要更新
-            existing_perm = next(
-                perm for perm in existing_permissions if perm.code == perm_code
-            )
-            if existing_perm.name != perm_data["name"] or existing_perm.description != perm_data["description"]:
+            existing_perm = existing_permission_codes[perm_code]
+            update_needed = False
+            
+            if existing_perm.name != perm_data["name"]:
                 existing_perm.name = perm_data["name"]
+                update_needed = True
+            if existing_perm.parentid != perm_data["parentid"]:
+                existing_perm.parentid = perm_data["parentid"]
+                update_needed = True
+            if existing_perm.description != perm_data["description"]:
                 existing_perm.description = perm_data["description"]
-                permissions_to_update.append(existing_perm)
+                update_needed = True
+            
+            if update_needed:
+                updated_count += 1
 
-    # 执行创建和更新操作
-    if permissions_to_add:
-        for perm in permissions_to_add:
-            db.add(perm)
+    if created_count > 0 or updated_count > 0:
         await db.commit()
-        print(f"创建了 {len(permissions_to_add)} 个权限")
-
-    if permissions_to_update:
-        await db.commit()
-        print(f"更新了 {len(permissions_to_update)} 个权限")
-
-    if not permissions_to_add and not permissions_to_update:
+        print(f"创建了 {created_count} 个权限，更新了 {updated_count} 个权限")
+    else:
         print("权限数据已存在且无需更新，跳过初始化")
 
     print("权限数据初始化/更新完成")
@@ -293,6 +356,7 @@ async def init_test_user(db: AsyncSession):
 async def init_all_data(db: AsyncSession):
     """初始化所有数据"""
     print("开始初始化数据库数据...")
+    await ensure_permission_table_structure(db)
     await init_roles(db)
     await init_permissions(db)
     await init_role_permissions(db)
diff --git a/backend/auth/models.py b/backend/auth/models.py
index 420e7e5..b428964 100644
--- a/backend/auth/models.py
+++ b/backend/auth/models.py
@@ -56,8 +56,9 @@ class Permission(Base):
 
     __tablename__ = "permission"
     id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True, comment="权限ID")
-    name = Column(String(50), nullable=False, comment="权限名称")
-    code = Column(String(50), nullable=False, unique=True, comment="权限编码")
+    name = Column(String(100), nullable=False, comment="权限名称")
+    code = Column(String(100), nullable=False, unique=True, comment="权限编码")
+    parentid = Column(Integer, default=0, comment="父权限ID（0表示顶级模块）")
     description = Column(String(255), nullable=True, comment="权限描述")
     createtime = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow, comment="创建时间")
     updatetime = Column(
diff --git a/backend/auth/schemas.py b/backend/auth/schemas.py
index 36e4dba..e535743 100644
--- a/backend/auth/schemas.py
+++ b/backend/auth/schemas.py
@@ -112,8 +112,9 @@ class RoleResponse(RoleBase):
 class PermissionBase(BaseModel):
     """权限基础模型"""
 
-    name: str = Field(..., max_length=50, description="权限名称")
-    code: str = Field(..., max_length=50, description="权限编码")
+    name: str = Field(..., max_length=100, description="权限名称")
+    code: str = Field(..., max_length=100, description="权限编码")
+    parentid: int = Field(0, description="父权限ID（0表示顶级模块）")
     description: Optional[str] = Field(None, max_length=255, description="权限描述")
 
 
@@ -133,6 +134,17 @@ class PermissionResponse(PermissionBase):
         from_attributes = True
 
 
+class PermissionTreeResponse(BaseModel):
+    """权限树响应模型"""
+
+    id: int = Field(..., description="权限ID")
+    name: str = Field(..., description="权限名称")
+    code: str = Field(..., description="权限编码")
+    parentid: int = Field(..., description="父权限ID")
+    description: Optional[str] = Field(None, description="权限描述")
+    children: list = Field([], description="子权限列表")
+
+
 # 角色权限关联相关模型
 class RolePermissionAssign(BaseModel):
     """角色权限分配模型"""